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The highest bandwidth SXRTO yet

The PicoScope 9404A-25 SXRTO (Sampler-Extended Real-Time Oscilloscope) extends the bandwidth of the PicoScope 9400 Series with a 25 GHz model. It combines the benefits of real-time and equivalent-time sampling to create a truly incredible oscilloscope capable of capturing signals up to 25 GHz.

Packed with features

The PicoScope 9404A-25's random sampling is ideal for measuring high speed interfaces with repetitive signals or clock streams. It can record high-speed signals such as gigabit digital systems on up to four channels at once. The PicoScope 9404A Series is invaluable for the design, testing, servicing and manufacturing of telecoms equipment. With these applications in mind, the free PicoSample 4 software is packed with useful measurements and features. Draw eye diagrams with ease and analyze them with one of over 175 built-in masks (or create your own). Plot trends in your data such as pulse width or period over time.

Control of the PicoScope 9404A-25 can also be automated, including a remote control option via over USB or LAN using ActiveX control.

Fast setup for fast signals

The PicoScope 9404A-25 has a 25 GHz front-end, an effective sampling rate up to 5 TS/s and a maximum time resolution of 10 ps/div. The external prescaled trigger is able to work up to 20 GHz, direct trigger to 2.5 GHz and clock recovery is also available for up to an impressive 11.3 Gb/s. A direct trigger means there's no need for an external clock or trigger source - simply connect the scope to the circuit you want to measure.

Unlike many real-time oscilloscopes, the PicoScope 9404A-25 maintains its 12-bit resolution throughout its bandwidth, no matter how many channels are enabled.

What is a PicoScope SXRTO?

Real-Time Oscilloscopes (RTOs) - capture any signal

A real-time oscilloscope has a free-running ADC. They use digital triggers to record when the signal exceeds a threshold and therefore align the signals in time. RTOs rely on oversampling - the sample rate must be much higher than the maximum signal frequency. To generate an accurate view of the signal, many scopes will sample at three or even five times their maximum input bandwidth.

Sampling oscilloscopes - see repetitive signals far beyond Nyquist

A sampling oscilloscope relies on repeated signals. They only capture a single sample per trigger event and this sample is at least 40 ns after the trigger event itself. The individual samples from multiple trigger events are then recombined to build up a picture of the overall signal.

A sampling scope cannot trigger directly on the signal itself and instead needs a separate trigger signal from an external source. Sampling scopes rely on accurate triggering to overlay the repeated signals so that even with a sampling rate significantly below the signal frequency, they can display an accurate version of the overall signal.

Sampler-Extended Real-Time Oscilloscopes combine both approaches

A PicoScope SXRTO triggers on the input signal, like an RTO. However, unlike most RTOs it uses an analog triggering circuit separate to the main signal path to determine when the trigger happens. Using this type of analog triggering is much more accurate than the digital trigger of an RTO.

The result is a free-running ADC that is able to capture and store information before and after the trigger point, but with the huge bandwidth capabilities of a sampling oscilloscope.

PicoScope 9404A-25 inputs, outputs and indicators

Front panel

Rear panel

The front panel of the oscilloscope brings together the power indicator, the four 25 GHz 50 Ω channel inputs and the trigger inputs and outputs.

The power/status/trigger LED is green under normal operation but is also used to indicate connection progress and trigger. You can enable any number of the 4 input channels without affecting the 25 GHz sampling rate; only the capture memory (250 kS) is shared between the enabled channels.

The external direct trigger input supports up to 5 GHz and is positioned alongside the 20 GHz prescale trigger input. The trigger output connection can be used to synchronize an external device to the PicoScope 9404A’s rising edge, falling edge and end of holdoff triggers.

Key features of the PicoScope 9400 Series

The PicoScope 9400A Series is a range of Sampler-Extended Real-Time Oscilloscopes (SXRTO) available with up to 25 GHz bandwidth, ideal for capturing step transitions down to 14 ps and impulses down to 28 ps. The maximum sample rate is 5 TS/s using random sampling, which equates to a timing resolution of 0.2 ps. The use of random sampling means an SXRTO can capture pre-trigger information and does not require a separate clock input. As such, the hardware includes a built-in trigger circuit on every channel, up to 5 GHz when using divide mode. An external direct clock input can trigger on signals up to 5 GHz, while the prescaled input accepts signals up to 20 GHz. The jitter from this direct trigger is as low as 1.5 ps. In terms of vertical resolution, the wide ±800 mV full-scale input range is augmented by 10 mV/div to 250 mV/div digital gain ranges on up to four channels. An optional clock recovery circuit can output a recovered clock and data up to 11.3 Gb/s.

The touchscreen-compatible PicoSample 4 software is packed with features to assist with the characterizing of everything from signals (eye diagrams, pulse/impulse characterization) to digital systems and even semiconductors. It comes pre-loaded with over 175 mask tests for common protocols including Ethernet, HDMI 1, PCIe, SATA and USB 2.0. The scope can store traces up to 250 kS long, shared between all active channels. The buffer memory is available on any of the three acquisition modes - real-time, random and roll. Four independent zoom channels let you closely inspect your data, with resolution down to 0.4 ps. Using your PC's monitor rather than a built in screen means those zoom views can be enlarged as much as you need to see all the detail. You can also personalize the display by hiding menus and controls and adjusting the colors to suit your needs. All of the PicoSample features are included in the price, with no additional hidden costs.

Measure fast pulses with an SXRTO

A customer wanted to measure a fast laser pulse with a rise time of less than 50 ps and a pulse width of less than 200 ps. They used a PicoScope SXRTO to see exactly what they needed.

To measure the output of the laser it was connected to a PicoScope 9400 Series oscilloscope via an optical-electrical adaptor. As the scope can trigger directly off the signal input the customer didn't need to use any extra external components.

The PicoScope 9404A-25 has a rise time of 14 ps and so the shape seen on the screen is due to the laser pulse and is not influenced by the measurement setup. The PicoScope 9404A-25 can also capture pulses down to 28 ps so even shorter pulses could be measured accurately.

Every detail in the laser's pulse response is easy to see because the vertical resolution is 12 bits, even at the highest frequencies. Some real-time oscilloscopes will limit their resolution at higher frequencies. This might be because of limitations of the analog-to-digital hardware or because of data bandwidth limitations. Because the PicoScope 9404A samples at a maximum of 500 MS/s neither the timebase nor the number of active channels restricts the resolution.

Why should you choose an SXRTO?

Digital system design

With over 175 built-in masks covering protocols such as Ethernet, HDMI and USB, you can make sure your system design is correct from the start.

Timing and phase analysis

Locate the source of timing errors with confidence: the PicoScope 9400A has jitter less than 1.5 ps. Use histograms to precisely characterize jitter.

Telecom and radar testing

Check signal, pulse and impulse integrity of RF systems up to 25 GHz. Be confident your system meets standards before expensive compliance testing.

Service and manufacturing

With quicker and simpler setup than a standard sampling oscilloscope, an SXRTO is perfectly suited to a service environment. Save and recall setup files for common tests and reduce the time taken to repair equipment.

Clock and data recovery

Clock and data recovery (CDR) is available as a factory-fit optional trigger feature on the PicoScope 9404A-25.

Associated with high-speed serial data applications, clock and data recovery will already be familiar to PicoScope 9300 users. While low-speed serial data can often be accompanied by its clock as a separate signal, at high speed this approach would accumulate timing skew and jitter between the clock and the data that could prevent accurate data decode. Thus high-speed data receivers will generate a new clock, and using a phase-locked loop (PLL) technique they will lock and align that new clock to the incoming data stream. This is the recovered clock and it can be used to decode and thus recover data accurately. We have also saved the cost of an entire clock signal path by now needing only the serial data signal.

When fitted, the PicoScope 9400 CDR option can be selected as the trigger source from any input channel. Additionally, for use by other instruments or by downstream system elements, two SMA(f) outputs present recovered clock and recovered data on the rear panel.

In many applications where our oscilloscopes are used to view data, the data generator and its clock are typically nearby, allowing us to trigger directly from that clock. However, if only the data is accessible—such as at the far end of an optical fiber—we will need the CDR option to recover the clock and use it as the trigger source instead. The CDR option may also be necessary for demanding eye and jitter measurements to ensure our instrument assesses signal quality as accurately as a recovered clock and data receiver would.

PicoScope 9400A Series Specifications

* Specifications marked with * are checked during performance verification.
† These specifications are valid after a 30-minute warm-up period and ±2 °C from firmware calibration temperature.

PicoScope model		PicoScope 9404A-25
Vertical
Number of input channels		4 (all channels are identical and digitized simultaneously
Analog bandwidth (-3 dB)^†	*Full bandwidth	DC to 25 GHz
	Middle bandwidth	N/A
	Narrow bandwidth	DC to 18 GHz
Passband flatness		±1 dB to 4 GHz
Calculated rise time (Tr), typical		Calculated from the bandwidth: 10% to 90%: calculated from Tr = 0.35/BW; 20% to 80%: calculated from Tr = 0.25/BW
	Full bandwidth	10% to 90%: ≤ 14 ps 20% to 80%: ≤ 10 ps
	Middle bandwidth	N/A
	Narrow bandwidth	10% to 90%: ≤ 19.5 ps 20% to 80%: ≤ 13.9 ps
RMS noise	*Full bandwidth	3.1 mV, maximum, 2.9 mV, typical
	Middle bandwidth	N/A
	Narrow bandwidth	2.7 mV, maximum, 2.5 mV, typical
Scale factors (sensitivity)		10 mV/div to 200 mV/div.
Scale factors (sensitivity)		Adjustable in a 10-12.5-15-20-25-30-40-50-60-80-100-125-150-200-250 mV/div sequence. Also adjustable in 1% fine increments or better. With manual or calculator data entry the increment is 0.1 mV/div.
* DC gain accuracy		±2% of full scale (±1.5% typical)
Position range		±4 divisions from center screen
DC offset range		10 mV/div to 200 mV/div.
DC offset range		Adjustable from –800 mV to +800 mV Manual or calculator data entry: increment is 0.01 mV for offset –99.9 to +99.9 mV, and 0.1 mV for offset –999.9 to +999.9 mV. Referenced to the center of display graticule.
* Offset accuracy		±2 mV ±2% of offset setting (±1 mV ±1% typical)
Operating input voltage		±800 mV
Vertical zoom and position		For all input channels, waveform memories, or functions. Vertical factor: 0.01 to 100 Vertical position: ±800 divisions maximum of zoomed waveform.
Channel-to-channel crosstalk (channel isolation)		≥ 50 dB (316:1) for input frequency DC to 1 GHz ≥ 40 dB (100:1) for input frequency > 1 GHz to 3 GHz
Channel-to-channel crosstalk (channel isolation)		≥ 36 dB (63:1) for input frequency > 16 GHz to ≤ 25 GHz
Delay between channels		≤ 10 ps, typical, between any two channels, full bandwidth, random sampling
ADC resolution		12 bits
Hardware vertical resolution		0.4 mV/LSB without averaging
Overvoltage protection		±1.5 V (DC + AC peak)
* Input impedance		(50 ±1.5) Ω. (50 ±1) Ω, typical
Input match		Reflections for 20 ps rise time: 10% or less
Input coupling		DC
Input connectors		2.92 mm (K)(f)

PicoScope model		PicoScope 9404A-25
Attenuation
Attenuation factors may be entered to scale the oscilloscope for external attenuators connected to the channel inputs.
Range		0.0001:1 to 1 000 000:1
Units		Ratio or dB
Scale		Volt, Watt, Ampere, or unknown

PicoScope model		PicoScope 9404A-25
Horizontal
Timbase		Internal timebase common to all input channels.
Timebase range (Full horizontal scale is 10 divisions)		10 ps/div to 1000 s/div
Real-time sampling		10 ps/div to 5 µs/div
Roll		100 ms/div to 1000 s/div
Segmented		Total number of segments: 2 to 1024. Rearm time between segments: <1 µs (trigger hold-off setting dependent)
Horizontal zoom and position		For all input channels, waveform memories, or functions Horizontal factor: From 1 to 2000 Horizontal position: From 0% to 100% non-zoomed waveform
Timebase clock accuracy		Frequency: 500 MHz
Initial set tolerance @ 25 °C ±3 °C		±0.5 ppm
Overall frequency stability over operating temperature range		±2 ppm
Aging (over 10 years @ 25 °C)		±3 ppm
Timebase resolution (with random sampling)		0.2 ps
* Delta time measurement accuracy		± (0.5 ppm * reading + 0.1% * screen width + 2 ps).
Pre-trigger delay		Record length / current sampling rate maximum at zero variable delay time
Post-trigger delay		0 to 4.28 s. Coarse increment is one horizontal scale division, fine increment is 0.1 horizontal scale division, manual or calculator increment is 0.01 horizontal scale division.
Channel-to-channel deskew range		±50 ns range. Coarse increment is 100 ps, fine is 10 ps. With manual or calculator data entry the increment is four significant digits or 1 ps

PicoScope model		PicoScope 9404A-25
Acquisition
Sampling models	Real-time	Captures all of the sample points used to reconstruct a waveform during a single trigger event
	Random	Acquires sample points over several trigger events, requiring the input waveform to be repetitive
	Roll	Acquisition data is displayed in a rolling fashion starting from the right side of the display and continuing to the left side of the display (while the acquisition is running)
Maximum sampling rate	Real-time	500 MS/s per channel simultaneously
Maximum sampling rate	Random	Up to 5 TS/s or 0.2 ps trigger placement resolution.
Record length		Real-time sampling: From 50 S/ch to 250 kS/ch for one channel, to 125 kS/ch for two channels, to 50 kS/ch for three and four channels. Random sampling: From 500 S/ch to 250 kS/ch for one channel, to 125 kS/ch for two channels, to 50 kS/ch for 3 & 4 channels
Duration at highest real-time sampling rate		0.5 ms for one channel, 0.25 ms for two channels, 0.125 ms for three and four channels
Acquisition modes	Sample (normal)	Acquires first sample in decimation interval and displays results without further processing
	Average	Average value of samples in decimation interval. Number of waveforms for average: 2 to 4096.
	Envelope	Envelope of acquired waveforms. Minimum, Maximum or both Minimum and Maximum values acquired over one or more acquisitions. Number of acquisitions is from 2 to 4096 in ×2 sequence and continuously.
	Peak detect	Largest and smallest sample in decimation interval. Minimum pulse width: 1/(sampling rate) or 2 ns @ 50 µs/div or faster for single channel
	High resolution	Averages all samples taken during an acquisition interval to create a record point. This average results in a higher-resolution, lower-bandwidth waveform. Resolution can be expanded to 12.5 bits or more, up to 16 bits.
	Segmented	Number of segments: 1 to 1024, rearm time: < 3 μs or user defined hold-off time, whichever is larger (minimum time between trigger events). User can view selected segment, overlaid segments or selected plus overlay. Search segments: step through, gated block and binary search. Segments are delta and absolute time-stamped.

PicoScope model		PicoScope 9404A-25
Trigger
Trigger sources		Internal from any of four channels, External Direct, External Prescaled.
Trigger mode	Free run	Triggers automatically but not synchronized to the input in absence of trigger event.
	Normal (triggered)	Requires trigger event for oscilloscope to trigger.
	Single	Software button that triggers only once on a trigger event. Not suitable for random sampling.
Trigger holdoff mode		Time or random
Trigger holdoff range		Holdoff by time: Adjustable from 500 ns to 15 s in a 1-2-5-10 sequence or in 4 ns fine increments. Random: This mode varies the trigger holdoff from one acquisition to another by randomizing the time value between triggers. The randomized time values can be between the values specified in the Min Holdoff and Max Holdoff.

PicoScope model		PicoScope 9404A-25
Internal trigger
Trigger style		Edge: Triggers on a rising and falling edge of any source within frequency range DC to 2.5 GHz. Divide: The trigger source is divided down four times (/4) before being applied to the trigger system. Maximum trigger frequency 5 GHz.
Trigger style		Clock recovery (optional): 6.5 Mb/s to 11.3 Gb/s
Bandwidth and sensitivity	Low sensitivity	100 mV p-p DC to 100 MHz increasing linearly from 100 mV p-p at 100 MHz to 200 mV p-p at 5 GHz. Pulse Width: 100 ps @ 200 mV p-p typ.
Bandwidth and sensitivity	* High sensitivity	30 mV p-p DC to 100 MHz increasing linearly from 30 mV p-p at 100 MHz to 70 mV p-p at 5 GHz. Pulse Width: 100 ps @ 70 mV p-p.
Level range		–1 V to +1 V in 10 mV increments (coarse). Also adjustable in fine increments of 1 mV.
Edge trigger slope		Positive: Triggers on rising edge Negative: Triggers on falling edge Bi-slope: Triggers on both edges of the signal
* RMS jitter		Combined trigger and interpolator jitter
		Edge and divided trigger: 1.5 ps + 0.1 ppm of delay, maximum. 1.2 ps + 0.1 ppm of delay, typical.
		Clock recovery trigger (optional): 2 ps + 1.0% of unit interval + 0.1 ppm delay, maximum
Coupling		DC

PicoScope model		PicoScope 9404A-25
External prescaled trigger
Coupling		50 Ω, AC coupled, fixed level zero volts
*Bandwidth and sensitivity		200 mV p-p from 1 GHz to 20 GHz
*RMS jitter		1.5 ps, maximum, 1.2 ps, typical
*RMS jitter		For trigger input slope > 2 V/ns. Combined trigger and interpolator jitter.
Prescaler ratio		Divided by 8, fixed
Maximum safe input voltage		±3 V (DC + AC peak)
Input connector		SMA(f)

PicoScope model		PicoScope 9404A-25
External direct trigger
Style	Edge	Triggers on a rising and falling edge of any source from DC to 2.5 GHz
	Divide	Trigger source divided by 4 before input to the trigger system. Max. trigger frequency 5 GHz
	Clock recovery (optional)	6.5 Mb/s to 11.3 Gb/s
Coupling		DC
Bandwidth and sensitivity	* Low sensitivity	100 mV p-p DC to 100 MHz. Increasing linearly from 100 mV p-p at 100 MHz to 200 mV p-p at 5 GHz. Pulse width: 100 ps @ 200 mV p-p typical.
Bandwidth and sensitivity	High sensitivity	30 mV p-p DC to 100 MHz. Increasing linearly from 30 mV p-p at 100 MHz to 70 mV p-p at 5 GHz. Pulse width: 100 ps @ 70 mV p-p.
Level range		–1 V to 1 V. 10 mV coarse increments. 1 mV fine increments.
Slope		Rising, falling, bi-slope
* RMS jitter, edge and divided		1.5 ps + 0.1 ppm of delay, maximum. 1.2 ps + 0.1 ppm of delay, typical.
RMS jitter, clock recovery (optional)		2 ps + 1.0% of unit interval + 0.1 ppm of delay, maximum
Maximum safe input voltage		±3 V (DC+ AC peak)
Input connector		SMA(f)

PicoScope model		PicoScope 9404A-25
Display
Persistence		Off: No persistence Variable persistence: Time that each data point is retained on the display. Persistence time can be varied from 100 ms to 20 s. Infinite persistence: In this mode, a waveform sample point is displayed forever. Variable Gray Scaling: Five levels of a single color that is varied in saturation and luminosity. Refresh time can be varied from 1 s to 200 s. Infinite Gray Scaling: In this mode, a waveform sample point is displayed forever in five levels of a single color. Variable Color Grading: With Color Grading selected, historical timing information is represented by a temperature or spectral color scheme providing “z-axis” information about rapidly changing waveforms. Refresh time can be varied from 1 to 200 s. Infinite Color Grading: In this mode, a waveform sample point is displayed forever by a temperature or spectral color scheme.
Style		Dots: Displays waveforms without persistence, each new waveform record replaces the previously acquired record for a channel. Vector: This function draws a straight line through the data points on the display. Not suited to multi-value signals such as an eye diagram.
Graticule		Full Grid, Axes with tick marks, Frame with tick marks, Off (no graticule).
Format		Auto: Automatically places, adds or deletes graticules as you select more or fewer waveforms to display. Single XT: All waveforms are superimposed and are eight divisions high. Dual YT: With two graticules, all waveforms can be four divisions high, displayed separately or superimposed. Quad YT: With four graticules, all waveforms can be two divisions high, displayed separately or superimposed. When you select dual or quad screen display, every waveform channel, memory and function can be placed on a specified graticule. XY: Displays voltages of two waveforms against each other. The amplitude of the first waveform is plotted on the horizontal X axis and the amplitude of the second waveform is is plotted on the vertical Y axis. XY + YT: Displays both XY and YT pictures. The YT format appears on the upper part of the screen, and the XY format on the lower part of the screen. The YT format display area is one screen and any displayed waveforms are superimposed. XY + 2YT: Displays both YT and XY pictures. The YT format appears on the upper part of the screen, and the XY format on the lower part of the screen. The YT format display area is divided into two equal screens. Tandem: Displays graticules to the left and to the right.
Colors		You may choose a default color selection, or select your own color set. Different colors are used for displaying selected items: background, channels, functions, waveform memories, FFTs, TDR/TDTs, and histograms.
Trace annotation		The instrument gives you the ability to add an identifying label, bearing your own text, to a waveform display. For each waveform, you can create multiple labels and turn them all on or all off. Also, you can position them on the waveform by dragging or by specifying an exact horizontal position.

PicoScope model		PicoScope 9404A-25
Save/Recall
Management		Store and recall setups, waveforms and user mask files to any drive on your PC. Storage capacity is limited only by disk space.
File extensions		Waveform files: .wfm for binary format, .txt for verbose format (text), .txty for Y values formats (text) Database files: .wdb Setup files: .set User mask files: .pcm
Operating system		Microsoft Windows 7, 8 and 10, 32-bit and 64-bit.
Waveform save/recall		Up to four waveforms may be stored into the waveform memories (M1 to M4), and then recalled for display
Save to/recall from disk		You can save or recall your acquired waveforms to or from any drive on the PC. To save a waveform, use the standard Windows Save as dialog box. From this dialog box you can create subdirectories and waveform files, or overwrite existing waveform files. You can load, into one of the Waveform Memories, a file with a waveform you have previously saved and then recall it for display.
Save/recall setups		The instrument can store complete setups in the memory and then recall them.
Screen image		You can copy a screen image into the clipboard with the following formats: Full Screen, Full Window, Client Part, Invert Client Part, Oscilloscope Screen and Oscilloscope Screen.
Autoscale		Pressing the Autoscale key automatically adjusts the vertical channels, the horizontal scale factors, and the trigger level for a display appropriate to the signals applied to the inputs. The Autoscale feature requires a repetitive signal with a frequency greater than 100 Hz, duty cycle greater than 0.2%, amplitudes greater than 100 mV p-p. Autoscale is operative only for relatively stable input signals.

PicoScope model		PicoScope 9404A-25
Marker
Marker type		X-Marker: vertical bars (measure time) Y-Marker: horizontal bars (measure volts) XY-Marker: waveform markers
Marker measurements		Absolute, Delta, Volt, Time, Frequency and Slope
Marker motion		Independent: both markers can be adjusted independently. Paired: both markers can be adjusted together
Ratiometric measurements		Provide ratios between measured and reference values. Results in such ratiometric units as %, dB, and degrees.

PicoScope model		PicoScope 9404A-25
Measure
Automated measurements		Up to ten simultaneous measurements are supported.
Automatic parametric		53 automatic measurements available.
Amplitude measurements		Maximum, Minimum, Top, Base, Peak-Peak, Amplitude, Middle, Mean, Cycle Mean, DC RMS, Cycle DC RMS, AC RMS, Cycle AC RMS, Positive Overshoot, Negative Overshoot, Area, Cycle Area.
Timing measurements		Period, Frequency, Positive Width, Negative Width, Rise Time, Fall Time, Positive Duty Cycle, Negative Duty Cycle, Positive Crossing, Negative Crossing, Burst Width, Cycles, Time at Maximum, Time at Minimum, Positive Jitter p-p, Positive Jitter RMS, Negative Jitter p-p, Negative Jitter RMS.
Inter-signal measurements		Delay (8 options), Phase Deg, Phase Rad, Phase %, Gain, Gain dB.
FFT measurements		FFT Magnitude, FFT Delta Magnitude, THD, FFT Frequency, FFT Delta Frequency
Measurement statistics		Displays current, minimum, maximum, mean and standard deviation on any displayed waveform measurements.
Method of top-base definition		Histogram, Min/Max, or User-Defined (in absolute voltage).
Thresholds		Upper, middle and lower horizontal bars settable in percentage, voltage or divisions. Standard thresholds are 10–50–90% or 20–50–80%.
Margins		Any region of the waveform may be isolated for measurement using left and right margins (vertical bars).
Measurement mode		Repetitive or Single-shot
Counter	Source	Internal from any of four channels, External Direct, External Prescaled
	Resolution	7 digits
	Maximum frequency	Internal or external direct trigger: 5 GHz. External prescaled trigger: 20 GHz
	Measurement	Frequency, period
	Time reference	Internal 250 MHz reference clock

PicoScope model		PicoScope 9404A-25
Mathematics
Waveform math		Up to four math waveforms can be defined and displayed using math functions F1 to F4
Categories and math operators		Arithmetic: Add, Subtract, Multiply, Divide, Ceil, Floor, Fix, Round, Absolute, Invert, Common, Rescale Algebra: Exponentiation (e), Exponentiation (10), Exponentiation (a), Logarithm (e), Logarithm (10), Logarithm (a), Differentiate, Integrate, Square, Square Root, Cube, Power (a), Inverse, Square Root of the Sum Trigonometry: Sine, Cosine, Tangent, Cotangent, ArcSine, Arc Cosine, ArcTangent, Arc Cotangent, Hyperbolic Sine, Hyperbolic Cosine, Hyperbolic Tangent, Hyperbolic Cotangent FFT: Complex FFT, FFT Magnitude, FFT Phase, FFT Real part, FFT Imaginary part, Complex Inverse FFT, FFT Group Delay Bit operator: AND, NAND, OR, NOR, XOR, XNOR, NOT Miscellaneous: Autocorrelation, Correlation, Convolution, Track, Trend, Linear Interpolation, Sin(x)/x Interpolation, Smoothing Formula editor: You can build math waveforms using the Formula Editor control window.
Operands		Any channel, waveform memory, math function, spectrum, or constant can be selected as a source for one of two operands
FFT		FFT frequency span: Frequency Span = Sample Rate / 2 = Record Length / (2 × Timebase Range) FFT frequency resolution: Frequency Resolution = Sample Rate / Record Length FFT windows: The built-in filters (Rectangular, Hamming, Hann, Flattop, Blackman–Harris and Kaiser–Bessel) allow optimization of frequency resolution, transients, and amplitude accuracy. FFT measurements: Marker measurements can be made on frequency, delta frequency, magnitude, and delta magnitude. Marker measurements can be made on frequency, delta frequency, magnitude, and delta magnitude. Automated FFT Measurements include: FFT Magnitude, FFT Delta Magnitude, THD, FFT Frequency, and FFT Delta Frequency

PicoScope model		PicoScope 9404A-25
Historgram
Histogram axis		Vertical or horizontal. Both vertical and horizontal histograms, with periodically updated measurements, allow statistical distributions to be analyzed over any region of the signal.
Histogram measurement set		Scale, Offset, Hits in Box, Waveforms, Peak Hits, Pk-Pk, Median, Mean, Standard Deviation, Mean ±1 Std Dev, Mean ±2 Std Dev, Mean ±3 Std Dev, Min, Max-Max, Max
Histogram window		The histogram window determines which part of the database is used to plot the histogram. You can set the size of the histogram window to be any size that you want within the horizontal and vertical scaling limits of the scope.

PicoScope model		PicoScope 9404A-25
Eye diagram
Eye diagram		PicoScope can automatically characterize an NRZ and RZ eye pattern. Measurements are based upon statistical analysis of the waveform.
NRZ measurement set		X: Area, Bit Rate, Bit Time, Crossing Time, Cycle Area, Duty Cycle Distortion (%, s), Eye Width (%, s), Fall Time, Frequency, Jitter (p-p, RMS), Period, Rise Time Y: AC RMS, Crossing %, Crossing Level, Eye Amplitude, Eye Height, Eye Height dB, Max, Mean, Mid, Min, Negative Overshoot, Noise p-p (One, Zero), Noise RMS (One, Zero), One Level, Peak-Peak, Positive Overshoot, RMS, Signal-to-Noise Ratio, Signal- to-Noise Ratio dB, Zero Level
RZ measurement set		X: Area, Bit Rate, Bit Time, Cycle Area, Eye Width (%, s), Fall Time, Jitter P-p (Fall, Rise), Jitter RMS (Fall, Rise), Negative Crossing, Positive Crossing, Positive Duty Cycle, Pulse Symmetry, Pulse Width, Rise Time Y: AC RMS, Contrast Ratio (dB, %, ratio), Eye Amplitude, Eye High, Eye High dB, Eye Opening Factor, Max, Mean, Mid, Min, Noise P-p (One, Zero), Noise RMS (One, Zero), One Level, Peak-Peak, RMS, Signal-to-Noise, Zero Level

PicoScope model		PicoScope 9404A-25
Mask test
Mask test		Acquired signals are tested for fit outside areas defined by up to eight polygons. Any samples that fall within the polygon boundaries result in test failures. Masks can be loaded from disk, or created automatically or manually.
Standard masks	SONET/SDH	OC1/STMO (51.84 Mb/s) to FEC 2666 (2.6666 Gb/s)
	SONET/SDH	OTU2: 10.709 Gb/s) to DT_18FC_TEST (14.025 Gb/s)
	Fibre Channel	FC133 Electrical (132.8 Mb/s) to FC2125E Abs Gamma Tx.mask (2.125 Gb/s)
	Fibre Channel	FC4250 Optical PI Rev13 (4.25 Gb/s) to FC4250E Abs Gamma Tx.mask (4.25 Gb/s)
	Ethernet	100BASE-BX10 (125 Mb/s) to 3.125 Gb/s 10GBase-CX4 Absolute TP2 (3.125 Gb/s)
	InfiniBand	10Gb Ethernet (9.953 Gb/s) to 10xGb Ethernet (12.5 Gb/s)
		2.5 G driver test points (2.5 Gb/s). Ten masks, test points 1 to 10
		5.0G driver test point 1 (5 Gb/s) 5.0G driver test point 6 (5 Gb/s) 5.0G transmitter pins (5 Gb/s)
		QDR 10.0 (10 Gb/s) to FDR_Stress_Out (10.0627 Gb/s)
	XAUI ITU G.703	3.125 Gb/s XAUI Far End (3.125 Gb/s) to XAUI-E Near (3.125 Gb/s) DS1, 100 Ω twisted pair (1.544 Mb/s) to 155 Mb 1 Inv, 75 Ω coax (155.520 Mb/s)
	ANSI T1/102	S1, 100 Ω twisted pair (1.544 Mb/s) to STS3, 75 Ω coax, (155.520 Mb/s)
	RapidIO	Serial Level 1, 1.25G Rx (1.25 Gb/s) to Serial Level 1, 3.125G Tx SR (3.125 Gb/s)
	PCI Express	R1.0a 2.5G Add-in Card Transmitter Non- Transition bit mask (2.5 Gb/s) to R1.1 2.5G Transmitter Transition bit mask (2.5 Gb/s)
	PCI Express	R2.0 5.0G Add-in Card 35 dB Transmitter Non-Transition bit mask (5 Gb/s) to R2.1 5.0G Transmitter Transition bit mask (5 Gb/s)
	Serial ATA	Ext Length, 1.5G 250 Cycle, Rx Mask (1.5 Gb/s) to Gen1m, 3.0G 5 Cycle, Tx Mask (3 Gb/s
Mask margin		Available for industry-standard mask testing
Automask creation		Masks are created automatically for single-valued voltage signals. Automask specifies both delta X and delta Y tolerances. The failure actions are identical to those of limit testing.
Data collected during test		Total number of waveforms examined, number of failed samples, number of hits within each polygon boundary

PicoScope model		PicoScope 9404A-25
Calibrator output
Calibrator output mode		DC, 1 kHz or variable frequency (15.266 Hz to 500 kHz) square wave
Output DC level		Adjustable from –1 V to +1 V into 50 Ω. Coarse increment: 50 mV, f ine increment: 1 mV.
*Output DC level accuracy		±1 mV ±0.5% of output DC level
Output impedance		50 Ω nominal
Rise/fall time		150 ns, typical
*Output connectors		SMA female

PicoScope model		PicoScope 9404A-25
Trigger output
Timing		Positive transition equivalent to acquisition trigger point. Negative transition after user holdoff.
Low level		(–0.2 ±0.1) V into 50 Ω
Amplitude		(900 ±200) mV into 50 Ω
Rise time		10% to 90%: ≤ 0.45 ns; 20% to 80%: ≤ 0.3 ns
RMS jitter		2 ps or less
*Output delay		4 ±1 ns
*Output coupling		DC coupled
*Output connectors		SMA female

PicoScope model		PicoScope 9404A-25
Clock recovery trigger - recovered data output (optional)
Data rate		6.5 Mb/s to 11.3 Gb/s
Eye amplitude		250 mV p-p, typical
Eye rise/fall time		20%–80%: 50 ps, typical
RMS jitter		2 ps +1% of unit interval
Output coupling		AC-coupled
Output connections		SMA female

PicoScope model		PicoScope 9404A-25
Clock recovery trigger - recovered clock output (optional)
Output frequency (half-full-rate clock output)		3.25 MHz to 5.65 GHz
Output amplitude		250 mV p-p, typical
Output coupling		AC-coupled
Output connectors		SMA female

PicoScope model		PicoScope 9404A-25
General
Power supply voltage		+12 V ±5%
Power supply current		2.8 A maximum
Protection		Automatic shutdown on excess or reverse voltage
AC-DC adaptor		Universal adaptor supplied
PC connection		USB 2.0 (high speed). Also compatible with USB 3.0
PC connection		Ethernet LAN
Software		PicoSample 4: Windows 7, 8 and 10 (32-bit and 64-bit versions)
PC requirements		Processor, memory and disk space: as required by the operating system
Temperature range		Operating: +5 °C to +40 °C for normal operation, +15 °C to +25 °C for quoted accuracy Storage: –20 °C to +50 °C
Humidity range		Operating: Up to 85 %RH (non-condensing) at +25 °C Storage: Up to 95 %RH (non-condensing)
Environment		Up to 2000 m altitude and EN61010 pollution degree 2
Dimensions (W × H × D)		244 x 54 x 233 mm
Net weight		1.52 kg
Compliance		CFR-47 FCC (EMC), EN61326-1 (EMC) and EN61010-1 (LVD)
Warranty		5 years

Documents for PicoScope 9400A Series

Title	Language	Issue	Size	Updated
PicoScope 9400 Series SXRTO Data Sheet	English	9	7 MB	Nov 12 2024
PicoScope 9400 Series User’s Guide	English	7	22 MB	Nov 11 2024
PicoScope 9400 Series SXRTO Programmer’s Guide	English	4	1 MB	Nov 11 2024
PicoScope 9400 Series Quick Start Guide	English 中文 (简体) 한국어 日本語	7	2 MB	Nov 15 2024

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PicoScope 9400A Series 25 GHz 5 TS/s USB Oscilloscope

sku PIC-9404A-25

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