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PicoScope 9400 Series 5 & 16 GHz Oscilloscopes

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PicoScope-9400s

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5 & 16 GHz Sampler Extended Real-Time Oscilloscopes

The PicoScope 9400 Series SXRTOs are a new class of oscilloscopes that combine the benefits of real-time sampling, random equivalent-time sampling and high analogue bandwidth:

PicoScope 9400 Series SXRTO

SXRTO (sampler-extended real-time oscilloscope)
9404-16 and 9402-16: 16 GHz bandwidth, 22 ps transition time and 2.5 TS/s (0.4 ps resolution) random equivalent-time sampling
9404-05 and 9402-05: 5 GHz bandwidth, 70 ps transition time and 1 TS/s (1 ps resolution) random equivalent-time sampling
Pulse, eye and mask testing down to 45 ps and up to 11 Gb/s
12-bit 500 MS/s ADCs
Intuitive and configurable touch-compatible Windows user interface
Comprehensive built-in measurements, zooms, data masks and histograms
±800 mV full-scale input range into 50 Ω
10 mV/div to 0.25 V/div digital gain ranges
Up to 250 kS trace length, shared between channels
Optional clock recovery trigger on all models – 5 or 8 Gb/s
Recovered clock and data outputs

The PicoScope 9400 Series sampler-extended real-time oscilloscopes (SXRTOs) have two or four high-bandwidth 50 Ω input channels with market-leading ADC, timing and display resolutions for accurately measuring and visualizing high-speed analog and data signals. They are ideal for capturing pulse and step transitions down to 22 ps, impulse down to 100 ps, and clocks and data eyes to 8 Gb/s (with optional clock recovery).

The PicoScope SXRTOs offer random sampling, which can readily analyze high-bandwidth applications that involve repetitive signals or clock-related streams. Unlike other sampling methods, random sampling allows capture of pre-trigger data and does not require a separate clock input.

The SXRTO is fast, with quick generation of random sampling waveforms, persistence displays and statistics. The PicoScope 9400 Series has a built-in internal trigger on every channel, with pre-trigger random sampling to well above the Nyquist (real-time) sampling rate. Bandwidth is up to 16 GHz behind a 50 Ω SMA(f) input, and three acquisition modes—real-time, random and roll—all capture at 12-bit resolution into a shared memory of up to 250 kS.

The PicoSample 4 software is derived from our existing PicoSample 3 sampling oscilloscope software, which embodies over ten years of development, customer feedback and optimization.

The display can be resized to fit any window and fully utilize available display resolution, 4K and even larger or across multiple monitors. Four independent zoom channels can show you different views of your data down to a resolution of 0.4 ps. Most of the controls and status panels can be shown or hidden according to your application, allowing you to make optimal use of the display area.

A 2.5 GHz direct trigger can be driven from any input channel, and a built-in divider can extend the off-channel trigger bandwidth to 5 GHz. On the 16 GHz models, a further external prescaled trigger input allows stable trigger from signals of up to 16 GHz bandwidth and, from the internal triggers, recovered clock trigger is available (if optional clock recovery is fitted) at up to 8 Gb/s. With this option, recovered clock and data are both available on SMA outputs on the rear panel. The price you pay for your PicoScope SXRTO is the price you pay for everything – we don’t charge you for software features or updates.

These compact units are small enough to place on your workbench close to the device under test. Now, instead of using remote probe heads attached to a large benchtop unit, all you need is a short, low-loss coaxial cable. Everything else you need is built into the oscilloscope, with no expensive hardware or software add-ons to worry about, and we don’t charge you for new software features and updates.

Typical applications

Telecom and radar test, service and manufacturing
Optical fiber, transceiver and laser testing (optical to electrical conversion not included)
RF, microwave and gigabit digital system measurements
Signal, eye, pulse and impulse characterization
Precision timing and phase analysis
Digital system design and characterization
Eye diagram, mask and limits test up to 8 Gb/s
Clock and data recovery at up to 8 Gb/s
Ethernet, HDMI 1, PCI, SATA and USB 2.0
Semiconductor characterization
Signal, data and pulse/impulse integrity and pre-compliance testing

High-bandwidth probes

The PicoConnect 900 Series low-impedance, high-bandwidth probes are ideal companions for the PicoScope 9400 Series, allowing cost-effective fingertip browsing of fast signals. Two series are available:

RF, microwave and pulse probes for broadband signals up to 5 GHz (10 Gb/s)
Gigabit probes for data streams such as USB 2, HDMI 1, Ethernet, PCIe and SATA

Other features

Bandwidth limit filters

A selectable analog bandwidth limiter (100 or 450 MHz, model-dependent) on each input channel can be used to reject high frequencies and associated noise. The narrow setting can be used as an anti-alias filter in real-time sampling modes.

Frequency counter

A built-in fast and accurate frequency counter shows signal frequency (or period) at all times, regardless of measurement and timebase settings and with a resolution of 1 ppm.

Clock and data recovery

Clock and data recovery (CDR) is now available as a factory-fit optional trigger feature on all models.

Associated with high-speed serial data applications, clock and data recovery will already be familiar to PicoScope 9300 users. While low-speed serial data can often be accompanied by its clock as a separate signal, at high speed this approach would accumulate timing skew and jitter between the clock and the data that could prevent accurate data decode. Thus high-speed data receivers will generate a new clock, and using a phase-locked loop technique they will lock and align that new clock to the incoming data stream. This is the recovered clock and it can be used to decode and thus recover data accurately. We have also saved the cost of an entire clock signal path by now needing only the serial data signal.

In many applications requiring our oscilloscopes to view the data, the data generator and its clock will be close at hand and we can trigger off that clock. However, if only the data is available (at the far end of an optical fiber for instance), we will need the CDR option to recover the clock and then trigger off that instead. We may also need to use the CDR option in demanding eye and jitter measurements. This is because we want our instrument to measure as exactly as possible the signal quality that a recovered clock and data receiver will see.

When fitted, the PicoScope 9400 CDR option can be selected as the trigger source from any input channel. Additionally, for use by other instruments or by downstream system elements, two SMA(f) outputs present recovered clock and recovered data on the rear panel.

If you require clock recovery, click the button below to contact us.

PicoScope 9400 Series specifications

	PicoScope 9404-05	PicoScope 9402-05	PicoScope 9404-16	PicoScope 9402-16
Vertical
Number of input channels	4	2	4	2
	All channels are identical and digitized simultaneously.
Analog bandwidth (–3 dB)^[1]	Full: DC to 5 GHz		Full: DC to 16 GHz
	Middle: DC to 450 MHz	N/A	Middle: DC to 450 MHz	N/A
	Narrow: DC to 100 MHz	DC to 450 MHz	Narrow: DC to 100 MHz	DC to 450 MHz
Passband flatness	Full: ±1 dB to 3 GHz		Full: ±1 dB to 5 GHz
Calculated rise time (t_R), typical	Calculated from the bandwidth. 10% to 90%: calculated from t_R = 0.35/BW 20% to 80%: calculated from t_R = 0.25/BW
	Full: 10% to 90%: ≤ 70 ps, 20% to 80%: ≤ 50 ps		Full: 10% to 90%: ≤ 21.9 ps, 20% to 80%: ≤ 15.6 ps
	Middle: 10% to 90%: ≤ 780 ps, 20% to 80%: ≤ 560 ps	N/A	10% to 90%: ≤ 780 ps 20% to 80%: ≤ 560 ps	N/A
	Narrow: 10% to 90%: ≤ 3.5 ns. 20% to 80%: ≤ 2.5 ns	10% to 90%: ≤ 780 ps 20% to 80%: ≤ 560 ps	10% to 90%: ≤ 3.5 ns 20% to 80%: ≤ 2.5 ns	10% to 90%: ≤ 780 ps 20% to 80%: ≤ 560 ps
Step response, typical	Full bandwidth Overshoot: < 8% Ringing: ±6% to 3 ns ±4% from 3 ns to 10 ns ±3% from 10 ns to 100 ns ±2% from 100 ns to 400 ns ±1% above 400 ns Middle bandwidth Overshoot: < 6% Ringing: ±4% to 10 ns ±3% from 10 ns to 100 ns ±2% from 100 ns to 400 ns ±1% above 400 ns Narrow bandwidth Overshoot: < 5% Ringing: ±5% to 20 ns ±3% from 20 ns to 100 ns ±2% from 100 ns to 400 ns ±1% above 400 ns		N/A
RMS noise	Full: 1.8 mV, maximum, 1.6 mV, typical		Full: 2.4 mV, maximum, 2.2 mV, typical
	Middle: 0.8 mV, maximum, 0.65 mV, typical	N/A	Middle: 0.8 mV, maximum, 0.65 mV, typical	N/A
	Narrow: 0.6 mV, maximum, 0.45 mV, typical	0.8 mV, maximum, 0.65 mV typ.	Narrow: 0.6 mV, maximum, 0.45 mV, typical	0.8 mV, maximum, 0.65 mV typ.
Scale factors (sensitivity)	10 mV/div to 250 mV/div Full scale is 8 vertical divisions Adjustable in a 10-12.5-15-20-25-30-40-50-60-80-100-125-150-200-250 mV/div sequence. Also adjustable in 1% fine increments or better. With manual or calculator data entry the increment is 0.1 mV/div.
DC gain accuracy	±2% of full scale. ±1.5% of full scale, typical
Position range	±4 divisions from center screen
DC offset range	Adjustable from –1 V to +1 V in 10 mV increments (coarse). Also adjustable in fine increments of 2 mV. With manual or calculator data entry the increment is 0.01 mV for offset between –99.9 and 99.9 mV, and 0.1 mV for offset between –999.9 and 999.9 mV. Referenced to the center of display graticule
Offset accuracy	±2 mV ±2% of offset setting (±1 mV ±1% typical)
Operating input voltage	±800 mV
Vertical zoom and position	For all input channels, waveform memories, or functions Vertical factor: 0.01 to 100 Vertical position: ±800 divisions maximum of zoomed waveform
Channel-to-channel crosstalk (channel isolation)	≥ 50 dB (316:1) for input frequency DC to 1 GHz ≥ 40 dB (100:1) for input frequency > 1 GHz to 3 GHz
Channel-to-channel crosstalk (channel isolation)	≥ 36 dB (63:1) for input frequency > 3 GHz to ≤ 5 GHz		≥ 36 dB (63:1) for input frequency > 3 GHz to ≤ 16 GHz
Delay between channels	≤ 10 ps, typical Between any two channels, full bandwidth, random sampling
ADC resolution	12 bits
Hardware vertical resolution	0.4 mV/LSB without averaging
Overvoltage protection	±1.4 V (DC + peak AC)
Input impedance	50 Ω ±1.5 Ω (50 Ω ±1 Ω typical)
Input match	Reflections for 70 ps rise time: 10% or less		Reflections for 50 ps rise time: 10% or less.
Input coupling	DC
Input connectors	SMA female
Internal probe power	6.0 W total maximum with PSU as supplied.	N/A	6.0 W total maximum with PSU as supplied.	N/A
Probe power per probe	3.3 V: 100 mA maximum 12 V: 500 mA maximum to total probe power stated above.	N/A	3.3 V: 100 mA maximum 12 V: 500 mA maximum to total probe power stated above.	N/A
Attenuation	Attenuation factors may be entered to scale the oscilloscope for external attenuators connected to the channel inputs Range: 0.0001:1 to 1 000 000:1 Units: ratio or dB Scale: volt, watt, ampere, or unknown

	PicoScope 9404-05	PicoScope 9404-16
Horizontal
Timebase	Internal timebase common to all input channels.
Timebase range	Full horizontal scale is 10 divisions Real time sampling: 10 ns/div to 1000 s/div
	Random equivalent time sampling: 50 ps/div to 5 µs/div	20 ps/div to 5 μs/div
	Roll: 100 ms/div to 1000 s/div Segmented: Total number of segments: 2 to 1024. Rearm time between segments: <1 μs (trigger hold-off setting dependent)
Horizontal zoom and position	For all input channels, waveform memories, or functions Horizontal factor: From 1 to 2000 Horizontal position: From 0% to 100% non-zoomed waveform
Timebase clock accuracy	Frequency: 500 MHz Initial set tolerance: ±10 ppm @ 25 °C ±3 °C Overall frequency stability: ±50 ppm over operating temperature range
Aging	±7 ppm over 10 years @ 25 °C
Timebase resolution	1.0 ps	0.4 ps
Delta time measurement accuracy	±(50 ppm * reading + 0.1% * screen width + 5 ps)
Pre-trigger delay	Record length ÷ current sampling rate (when delay = 0)
Post-trigger delay	0 to 4.28 s. Coarse increment is one horizontal scale division, fine increment is 0.1 horizontal scale division, manual or calculator increment is 0.01 horizontal scale division.
Channel-to-channel deskew range	±50 ns range. Coarse increment is 100 ps, fine increment is 10 ps. With manual or calculator data entry the increment is four significant digits or 1 ps.

	PicoScope 9404-05	PicoScope 9404-16
Acquisition
Sampling modes	Real time: Captures all of the sample points used to reconstruct a waveform during a single trigger event Random equivalent time: Acquires sample points over several trigger events, requiring the input waveform to be repetitive Roll: Acquisition data will be displayed in a rolling fashion starting from the right side of the display and continuing to the left side of the display (while the acquisition is running)
Maximum sampling rate	Real time: 500 MS/s per channel simultaneously
Maximum sampling rate	Random equivalent time:: Up to 1 TS/s or 1 ps trigger placement resolution)	Random equivalent time: Up to 2.5 TS/s or 0.4 ps trigger placement resolution
Record length	Real time sampling: From 50 S/ch to 250 kS/ch for one channel, to 125 kS/ch for two channels, to 50 kS/ch for three and four channels Random equivalent time sampling: From 500 S/ch to 250 kS/ch for one channel, to 125 kS/ch for two channels, to 50 kS/ch for three and four channels
Duration at highest real-time sampling rate	0.5 ms for one channel, 0.25 ms for two channels, 0.125 ms for three and four channels
Acquisition modes	Sample (normal): Acquires first sample in decimation interval and displays results without further processing Average: Average value of samples in decimation interval. Number of waveforms for average: 2 to 4096. Envelope: Envelope of acquired waveforms. Minimum, Maximum or both Minimum and Maximum values acquired over one or more acquisitions. Number of acquisitions is from 2 to 4096 in ×2 sequence and continuously. Peak detect: Largest and smallest sample in decimation interval. Minimum pulse width: 1/(sampling rate) or 2 ns @ 50 µs/div or faster for single channel. High resolution: Averages all samples taken during an acquisition interval to create a record point. This average results in a higher-resolution, lower-bandwidth waveform. Resolution can be expanded to 12.5 bits or more, up to 16 bits. Segmented: Segmented memory optimizes available memory for data streams that have long dead times between activity. Number of segments: 2 to 1024 Dead time between segments: 3 µs User can view selected segment, overlaid segments or selected plus overlay. Search segments: step through, gated block and binary search. Segments are delta and absolute time stamped.

	PicoScope 9404-05	PicoScope 9402-05	PicoScope 9404-16	PicoScope 9402-16
Trigger
Trigger sources	Internal from any of four channels.	Internal from any of two channels. External Direct.	Internal from any of four channels. External Prescaled.	Internal from any of two channels. External Direct. External Prescale.
Trigger mode	Freerun: Triggers automatically but not synchronized to the input in absence of trigger event. Normal (triggered): Requires trigger event for oscilloscope to trigger. Single: SW button that triggers only once on a trigger event. Not suitable for random equivalent-time sampling
Internal trigger coupling	DC
Internal trigger style	Edge: Triggers on a rising and falling edge of any source from DC to 2.5 GHz. Divider: The trigger source is divided down four times (/4) before being applied to the trigger system. It has a trigger frequency range up to 5 GHz.
Internal trigger style	Clock recovery (optional): This trigger is used when the trigger signal is an NRZ data pattern with any data rate between 6.5 Mb/s and 5 Gb/s		Clock recovery (optional): This trigger is used when the trigger signal is an NRZ data pattern with any data rate between 6.5 Mb/s and 8 Gb/s
Trigger holdoff mode	Time or random
Trigger holdoff range	Holdoff by time: Adjustable from 500 ns to 15 s in a 1-2-5-10 sequence or in 4 ns fine increments Random: This mode varies the trigger holdoff from one acquisition to another by randomizing the time value between triggers. The randomized time values can be between the values specified in the Min Holdoff and Max Holdoff.
Bandwidth and sensitivity	Low sensitivity: 100 mV p-p DC to 100 MHz. Increasing linearly from 100 mV p-p at 100 MHz to 200 mV p-p at 5 GHz. Pulse width: 100 ps @ 200 mV p-p typical. High sensitivity: 30 mV p-p DC to 100 MHz. Increasing linearly from 30 mV p-p at 100 MHz to 70 mV p-p at 5 GHz. Pulse width: 100 ps @ 70 mV p-p.
Internal trigger level range	–1 V to 1 V in 10 mV increments (coarse). Also adjustable in fine increments of 1 mV.

Edge trigger slope	Positive: Triggers on rising edge Negative: Triggers on falling edge Bi-slope: Triggers on both edges of the signal
RMS internal trigger jitter	Combined trigger and interpolator jitter + delay clock stability Edge and divided trigger: 2 ps + 0.1 ppm of delay, maximum Clock recovery trigger (optional): 2 ps + 1.0% of unit interval + 0.1 ppm delay, maximum

	PicoScope 9404-16	PicoScope 9402-16
External prescaled trigger
Coupling	50 Ω, AC coupled, fixed level zero volts
Bandwidth and sensitivity	200 mV p-p from 1 GHz to 16 GHz (sine wave input)
RMS jitter	2 ps + 0.1 ppm of delay, maximum. For trigger input slope > 2 V/ns. Combined trigger and interpolator jitter + delay clock stability
Prescaler ratio	Divided by 1 / 2 /4 / 8, programmable
Maximum safe input voltage	±2 V (DC+peak AC)	3 V p-p
Input connector	SMA female

	PicoScope 9402-05	PicoScope 9402-16
External direct trigger
Style	Edge: Triggers on a rising and falling edge of any source from DC to 2.5 GHz.
	Divide: Trigger source divided by 4 before input to the trigger system. Max. trigger frequency 5 GHz.
	Clock recovery (optional): 6.5 Mb/s to 5 Gb/s	6.5 Mb/s to 8 Gb/s
Coupling	DC
Bandwidth and sensitivity	Low: 100 mV p-p DC to 100 MHz. Increasing linearly from 100 mV p-p at 100 MHz to 200 mV p-p at 5 GHz. Pulse width: 100 ps @ 200 mV p-p typical. High: 30 mV p-p DC to 100 MHz. Increasing linearly from 30 mV p-p at 100 MHz to 70 mV p-p at 5 GHz. Pulse width: 100 ps @ 70 mV p-p.
Level range	–1 V to 1 V. 10 mV coarse increments. 1 mV fine increments.
Slope	Slope Rising, falling, bi-slope
RMS jitter, edge and divided	2 ps + 0.1 ppm of delay, max.
RMS jitter, clock recovery (optional)	2 ps + 1.0% of unit interval + 0.1 ppm of delay, maximum
Maximum safe input voltage	±3 V (DC+peak AC)
Input connector	SMA(f)

Display
Persistence	Off: No persistence Variable persistence: Time that each data point is retained on the display. Persistence time can be varied from 100 ms to 20 s. Infinite persistence: In this mode, a waveform sample point is displayed forever. Variable Gray Scaling: Five levels of a single color that is varied in saturation and luminosity. Refresh time can be varied from 1 s to 200 s. Infinite Gray Scaling: In this mode, a waveform sample point is displayed forever in five levels of a single color. Variable Color Grading: With Color Grading selected, historical timing information is represented by a temperature or spectral color scheme providing “z-axis” information about rapidly changing waveforms. Refresh time can be varied from 1 to 200 s. Infinite Color Grading: In this mode, a waveform sample point is displayed forever by a temperature or spectral color scheme.
Style	Dots: Displays waveforms without persistence, each new waveform record replaces the previously acquired record for a channel. Vector: This function draws a straight line through the data points on the display. Not suited to multi-value signals such as a displayed eye diagram.
Graticule	Full Grid, Axes with tick marks, Frame with tick marks, Off (no graticule).
Format	Auto: Automatically places, adds or deletes graticules as you select more or fewer waveforms to display. Single XT: All waveforms are superimposed and are eight divisions high. Dual YT: With two graticules, all waveforms can be four divisions high, displayed separately or superimposed. Quad YT: With four graticules, all waveforms can be two divisions high, displayed separately or superimposed. When you select dual or quad screen display, every waveform channel, memory and function can be placed on a specified graticule. XY: Displays voltages of two waveforms against each other. The amplitude of the first waveform is plotted on the horizontal X axis and the amplitude of the second waveform is is plotted on the vertical Y axis. XY + YT: Displays both XY and YT pictures. The YT format appears on the upper part of the screen, and the XY format on the lower part of the screen. The YT format display area is one screen and any displayed waveforms are superimposed. XY + 2YT: Displays both YT and XY pictures. The YT format appears on the upper part of the screen, and the XY format on the lower part of the screen. The YT format display area is divided into two equal screens. Tandem: Displays graticules to the left and to the right.
Colors	You may choose a default color selection, or select your own color set. Different colors are used for displaying selected items: background, channels, functions, waveform memories, FFTs, TDR/TDTs, and histograms.
Trace annotation	The instrument gives you the ability to add an identifying label, bearing your own text, to a waveform display. For each waveform, you can create multiple labels and turn them all on or all off. Also, you can position them on the waveform by dragging or by specifying an exact horizontal position.

Save/Recall
Management	Store and recall setups, waveforms and user mask files to any drive on your PC. Storage capacity is limited only by disk space.
File extensions	Waveform files: .wfm for binary format .txt for verbose format (text) .txty for Y values formats (text) Database files: .wdb Setup files: .set User mask files: .pcm
Operating system	Microsoft Windows 7, 8 and 10, 32-bit and 64-bit.
Waveform save/recall	Up to four waveforms may be stored into the waveform memories (M1 to M4), and then recalled for display.
Save to/recall from disk	You can save or recall your acquired waveforms to or from any drive on the PC. To save a waveform, use the standard Windows Save as dialog box. From this dialog box you can create subdirectories and waveform files, or overwrite existing waveform files. You can load, into one of the Waveform Memories, a file with a waveform you have previously saved and then recall it for display.
Save/recall setups	The instrument can store complete setups in the memory and then recall them.
Screen image	You can copy a screen image into the clipboard with the following formats: Full Screen, Full Window, Client Part, Invert Client Part, Oscilloscope Screen and Oscilloscope Screen.
Autoscale	Pressing the Autoscale key automatically adjusts the vertical channels, the horizontal scale factors, and the trigger level for a display appropriate to the signals applied to the inputs. The Autoscale feature requires a repetitive signal with a frequency greater than 100 Hz, duty cycle greater than 0.2%, amplitudes greater than 100 mV p-p. Autoscale is operative only for relatively stable input signals.

Marker
Marker type	X-Marker: vertical bars (measure time). Y-Marker: horizontal bars (measure volts). XY-Marker: waveform markers.
Marker measurements	Absolute, Delta, Volt, Time, Frequency, Slope.
Marker motion	Independent: both markers can be adjusted independently. Paired: both markers can be adjusted together.
Ratiometric measurements	Provide ratiometric measurements between measured and reference values. These measurements give results in such ratiometric units as %, dB, and degrees.

	PicoScope 9404-05	PicoScope 9402-05	PicoScope 9404-16	PicoScope 9402-16
Measure
Automated measurements	Up to ten simultaneous measurements are supported at the same time.
Automatic parametric	53 automatic measurements available.
Amplitude measurements	Maximum, Minimum, Top, Base, Peak-Peak, Amplitude, Middle, Mean, Cycle Mean, DC RMS, Cycle DC RMS, AC RMS, Cycle AC RMS, Positive Overshoot, Negative Overshoot, Area, Cycle Area.
Timing measurements	Period, Frequency, Positive Width, Negative Width, Rise Time, Fall Time, Positive Duty Cycle, Negative Duty Cycle, Positive Crossing, Negative Crossing, Burst Width, Cycles, Time at Maximum, Time at Minimum, Positive Jitter p-p, Positive Jitter RMS, Negative Jitter p-p, Negative Jitter RMS.
Inter-signal measurements	Delay (8 options), Phase Deg, Phase Rad, Phase %, Gain, Gain dB.
FFT measurements	FFT Magnitude, FFT Delta Magnitude, THD, FFT Frequency, FFT Delta Frequency.
Measurement statistics	Displays current, minimum, maximum, mean and standard deviation on any displayed waveform measurements.
Method of top-base definition	Histogram, Min/Max, or User-Defined (in absolute voltage).
Thresholds	Upper, middle and lower horizontal bars settable in percentage, voltage or divisions. Standard thresholds are 10–50–90% or 20–50–80%.
Margins	Any region of the waveform may be isolated for measurement using left and right margins (vertical bars).
Measurement mode	Repetitive or Single-shot.
Counter	Built-in frequency counter. Direct trigger: 1 µHz to 2.5 GHz Resolution: ≥100 Hz ≤1 ppm, <100 Hz ≤5 ppm ±0.25 µHz Read rate:1.5 s or 31 cycles (whichever is greater)
	Source: Internal from any of four channels	Internal from any of two channels, External Direct	Internal from any of four channels, External Prescaled	Internal from any of two channels, External Direct, External Prescaled
	Resolution: 7 digits Maximum frequency: Internal trigger: 5 GHz. External prescaled trigger (16 GHz models only): 16 GHz. Measurement: Frequency, period Time reference: Internal 250 MHz reference clock

Mathematics
Waveform math	Up to four math waveforms can be defined and displayed using math functions F1 to F4
Categories and math operators	Arithmetic: Add, Subtract, Multiply, Divide, Ceil, Floor, Fix, Round, Absolute, Invert, Common, Rescale. Algebra: Exponentiation (e), Exponentiation (10), Exponentiation (a), Logarithm (e), Logarithm (10), Logarithm (a), Differentiate, Integrate, Square, Square Root, Cube, Power (a), Inverse, Square Root of the Sum. Trigonometry: Sine, Cosine, Tangent, Cotangent, ArcSine, Arc Cosine, ArcTangent, Arc Cotangent, Hyperbolic Sine, Hyperbolic Cosine, Hyperbolic Tangent, Hyperbolic Cotangent. FFT: Complex FFT, FFT Magnitude, FFT Phase, FFT Real part, FFT Imaginary part, Complex Inverse FFT, FFT Group Delay. Bit operator: AND, NAND, OR, NOR, XOR, XNOR, NOT. Miscellaneous: Autocorrelation, Correlation, Convolution, Track, Trend, Linear Interpolation, Sin(x)/x Interpolation, Smoothing. Formula editor: Build math waveforms using the Formula Editor control window.
Operands	Any channel, waveform memory, math function, spectrum, or constant can be selected as a source for one of two operands.
FFT	FFT frequency span: Frequency Span = Sample Rate / 2 = Record Length / (2 × Time base Range) FFT frequency resolution: Frequency Resolution = Sample Rate / Record Length FFT windows: The built-in filters (Rectangular, Hamming, Hann, Flattop, Blackman–Harris and Kaiser–Bessel) allow optimization of frequency resolution, transients, and amplitude accuracy. FFT measurements: Marker measurements can be made on frequency, delta frequency, magnitude, and delta magnitude. Marker measurements can be made on frequency, delta frequency, magnitude, and delta magnitude. Automated FFT Measurements include: FFT Magnitude, FFT Delta Magnitude, THD, FFT Frequency, and FFT Delta Frequency.

Histogram
Histogram axis	Vertical, Horizontal or Off. Both vertical and horizontal histograms, with periodically updated measurements, allow statistical distributions to be analyzed over any region of the signal.
Histogram measurement set	Scale, Offset, Hits in Box, Waveforms, Peak Hits, Pk-Pk, Median, Mean, Standard Deviation, Mean ±1 Std Dev, Mean ±2 Std Dev, Mean ±3 Std Dev, Min, Max-Max, Max.
Histogram window	The histogram window determines which part of the database is used to plot the histogram. You can set the size of the histogram window to be any size that you want within the horizontal and vertical scaling limits of the scope.

Eye diagram
Eye diagram	The PicoScope 9400 can automatically characterize an NRZ and RZ eye pattern. Measurements are based upon statistical analysis of the waveform.
NRZ measurement set	X: Area, Bit Rate, Bit Time, Crossing Time, Cycle Area, Duty Cycle Distortion (%, s), Eye Width (%, s), Fall Time, Frequency, Jitter (p-p, RMS), Period, Rise Time Y: AC RMS, Crossing %, Crossing Level, Eye Amplitude, Eye Height, Eye Height dB, Max, Mean, Mid, Min, Negative Overshoot, Noise p-p (One, Zero), Noise RMS (One, Zero), One Level, Peak-Peak, Positive Overshoot, RMS, Signal-to-Noise Ratio, Signal- to-Noise Ratio dB, Zero Level.
RZ measurement set	X: Area, Bit Rate, Bit Time, Cycle Area, Eye Width (%, s), Fall Time, Jitter P-p (Fall, Rise), Jitter RMS (Fall, Rise), Negative Crossing, Positive Crossing, Positive Duty Cycle, Pulse Symmetry, Pulse Width, Rise Time Y: AC RMS, Contrast Ratio (dB, %, ratio), Eye Amplitude, Eye High, Eye High dB, Eye Opening Factor, Max, Mean, Mid, Min, Noise P-p (One, Zero), Noise RMS (One, Zero), One Level, Peak-Peak, RMS, Signal-to-Noise, Zero Level.

	PicoScope 9402-05 PicoScope 9404-05	PicoScope 9402-16 PicoScope 9404-16
Mask test
Mask test	Acquired signals are tested for fit outside areas defined by up to eight polygons. Any samples that fall within the polygon boundaries result in test failures. Masks can be loaded from disk, or created automatically or manually.
Mask creation	Create the following masks: Standard predefined Mask, Automask, Mask saved on disk, Create new mask, Edit any mask.
Standard masks	Standard predefined optical or standard electrical masks can be created. SONET/SDH: OC1/STMO (51.84 Mb/s) to FEC 2666 (2.6666 Gb/s) Fibre Channel: FC133 Electrical (132.8 Mb/s) to FC2125E Abs Gamma Tx.mask (2.125 Gb/s) Ethernet: 100BASE-BX10 (125 Mb/s) to 3.125 Gb/s 10GBase-CX4 Absolute TP2 (3.125 Gb/s) Infiniband: 2.5G InfiniBand Cable mask (2.5 Gb/s) to 2.5G InfiniBand Receiver mask (2.5 Gb/s) InfiniBand (2.5 Gb/s) XAUI: 3.125 Gb/s XAUI Far End (3.125 Gb/s) to XAUI-E Near (3.125 Gb/s) ITU G.703: DS1, 100 Ω twisted pair (1.544 Mb/s) to 155 Mb 1 Inv, 75 Ω coax (155.520 Mb/s) ANSI T1/102: DS1, 100 Ω twisted pair, (1.544 Mb/s) to STS3, 75 Ω coax, (155.520 Mb/s) RapidIO: RapidIO Serial Level 1, 1.25G Rx (1.25 Gb/s) to RapidIO Serial Level 1, 3.125G Tx SR (3.125 Gb/s) PCI Express: R1.0a 2.5G Add-in Card Transmitter Non-Transition bit mask (2.5 Gb/s) to R1.1 2.5G Transmitter Transition bit mask (2.5 Gb/s) Serial ATA: Ext Length, 1.5G 250 Cycle, Rx Mask (1.5 Gb/s) to Gen1m, 3.0G 5 Cycle, Tx Mask (3 Gb/s)
Additional masks		Fibre Channel: FC4250 Optical PI Rev13 (4.25 Gb/s) to FC4250E Abs Gamma Tx.mask (4.25 Gb/s) Infiniband: 5.0G driver test point 1 (5 Gb/s), 5.0G driver test point 6 (5 Gb/s), 5.0G transmitter pins (5 Gb/s) PCI Express: R2.0 5.0G Add-in Card 35 dB Transmitter Non-Transition bit mask (5 Gb/s) to R2.1 5.0G Transmitter Transition bit mask (5 Gb/s)
Mask margin	Available for industry-standard mask testing
Automask creation	Masks are created automatically for single-valued voltage signals. Automask specifies both delta X and delta Y tolerances. The failure actions are identical to those of limit testing.
Data collected during test	Total number of waveforms examined, number of failed samples, number of hits within each polygon boundary

Calibrator output (PicoScope 9404 models only)
Calibrator output mode	DC, 1 kHz square, meander with frequency from 15.266 Hz to 500 kHz.
Output DC level	Adjustable from –1 V to +1 V into 50 Ω. Coarse increment: 50 mV, fine increment: 1 mV.
Output DC level accuracy	±1 mV ±0.5% of output DC level
Output impedance	50 Ω nominal
Rise/fall time	150 ns, typical
Output connectors	SMA female

Trigger output (PicoScope 9404 models only)
Timing	Positive transition equivalent to acquisition trigger point. Negative transition after user holdoff.
Low level	(–0.2 ±0.1) V. Measured into 50 Ω.
Amplitude	(900 ±200) mV. Measured into 50 Ω.
Rise time	10% to 90%: ≤ 0.45 ns 20% to 80%: ≤ 0.3 ns
RMS jitter	2 ps or less
Output delay	4 ±1 ns
Output coupling	DC coupled
Output connectors	SMA female

	PicoScope 9402-05 PicoScope 9404-05	PicoScope 9402-16 PicoScope 9404-16
Clock recovery trigger - recovered data output (optional)
Data rate	6.5 Mb/s to 5 Gb/s	6.5 Mb/s to 8 Gb/s
Eye amplitude	250 mV p-p, typical
Eye rise/fall time	20%–80%: 75 ps, typical. Measured at PicoScope 9404-05	20%–80%: 50 ps, typical. Measured at PicoScope 9404-16
RMS jitter	2 ps +1% of unit interval, typical
Output coupling	AC-coupled
Output connections	SMA female

	PicoScope 9402-05 PicoScope 9404-05	PicoScope 9402-16 PicoScope 9404-16
Clock recovery trigger - recovered clock output (optional)
Output frequency	Full rate clock output, 3.25 MHz to 2.5 GHz	Full rate clock output, 3.25 MHz to 4 GHz
Output amplitude	250 mV p-p, typical
Output coupling	AC-coupled
Output connectors	SMA female

	PicoScope 9404-05	PicoScope 9402-05	PicoScope 9404-16	PicoScope 9402-16
Power requirement
Power supply voltage	+12 V ± 5%
Power supply current	2.6 A max. 3.3 A including active accessory loads	1.8 A maximum	2.7 A max. 3.3 A inclusive of active accessory loads	1.8 A maximum
Protection	Auto shutdown on excess or reverse voltage
AC-DC adaptor	Universal adaptor supplied

PC connection and software
	PicoScope 9402 models	PicoScope 9404 models
PC connection	USB 2.0 (high speed). Compatible with USB 3.0.
PC connection		Ethernet LAN.
PC operating system	Windows 7, 8 or 10 (32-bit or 64-bit version)

Physical characteristics
	PicoScope 9404 models	PicoScope 9402 models
Dimensions	245 x 60 x 232 mm (W x H x D)	160 × 55 × 220 mm (W × H × D)
Net weight	1.4 kg	800 g

Environmental conditions
Temperature	Operating, normal operation: +5 °C to +40 °C Operating, for quoted accuracy: +15 °C to +25 °C Storage: –20 °C to +50 °C
Humidity	Operating: Up to 85 %RH (non-condensing) at +25 °C. Storage: Up to 95 %RH (non-condensing).
Altitude	Up to 2000 m
Pollution	EN 61010 Pollution Degree 2

Compliance
Compliance	CFR-47 FCC (EMC), EN61326-1:2013 (EMC) and EN61010-1:2010 (LVD)

Warranty
Warranty	5 years

[1] These specifications are valid after a 30-minute warm-up period and ±2 °C from firmware calibration temperature.

PicoScope 9400 Series - Documentation

Resource	Language	Version	Size	Updated
Data Sheets:
PicoScope 9400 Series SXRTO Data Sheet	English	9	7 MB	November 08 2024
PicoScope 9400 数据表	中文 (简体)	11	3 MB	January 08 2025
PicoScope 9400 データシート	日本語	11	3 MB	December 12 2024
PicoScope 9400 데이터 시트	한국어	11	3 MB	January 08 2025
User’s Guides:
PicoScope 9400 Series User’s Guide	English	7	22 MB	November 11 2024
Programmer’s Guides:
PicoScope 9400 Series SXRTO Programmer’s Guide	English	4	1 MB	November 11 2024
Quick Start Guides:
PicoScope 9400 Series Quick Start Guide	English 中文 (简体) 한국어 日本語	7	2 MB	November 14 2024
Declarations:
PicoScope 9400 Series EU Declaration of Conformity	English	2	277 KB	January 27 2023
PicoScope 9400 Series UKCA Declaration of Conformity	English	1	266 KB	January 30 2023
PicoScope 9400 Series Statement of Volatility	English	1	72 KB	April 23 2019

PicoScope 9400 Series - Software

Man presenting a PicoSample 4 waveform to a group of people in a meeting room, using a very large wall-mounted monitor.

Application-configurable PicoSample 4 oscilloscope software
The PicoSample 4 workspace takes full advantage of your available single or multiple display size and resolution, allowing you to resize the window to fit any display resolution supported by Windows.

You decide how much space to give to the trace display and the measurements display, and whether to open or hide the control menus. The user interface is fully touch- or mouse-operable, with grabbing and dragging of traces, cursors, regions, and parameters. In touchscreen mode, an enlarged parameter control is displayed to assist adjustments on smaller touchscreen displays.

PicoSample 4 waveform, zoomed in.

PicoSample 4 waveform, zoomed in.
To zoom, either draw a zoom window or use the numerical zoom and offset controls. You can display up to four different zoomed views of the displayed waveforms.

“Hidden trace” icons show a live view of any channels that are not currently on the main display.

The interaction of timebase, sampling rate, and capture size is normally handled automatically, but there is also an option to override this and specify the order of priority of these three parameters.

A choice of screen formats

When working with multiple traces, you can display them all on one grid or separate them into two or four grids. You can also plot signals in XY mode with or without additional voltage-time grids. The persistence display modes use colour-contouring or shading to show statistical variations in the signal. Trace display can be in either dots-only or vector format and all these display settings can be independent, trace by trace. Custom trace labelling is also available.

PicoSample 4 display: eye diagram with left side menu open.

Measurements

Screenshot of waveforms and measurements in PicoSample 4. Parameters for trace-to-trace measurements are shown on the left side menu, parameters for single-trace measurements on the right.

Standard waveforms and eye parameters

The PicoScope 9400 Series scopes quickly measure well over 40 standard waveforms and over 70 eye parameters, either for the whole waveform or gated between markers. The markers can also make on-screen ruler measurements, so you don't need to count graticules or estimate the waveform's position. Up to ten simultaneous measurements are possible. The measurements conform to IEEE standard definitions, but you can edit them for non-standard thresholds and reference levels using the advanced menu, or by dragging the on-screen thresholds and levels. You can apply limit tests to up to four measured parameters.

PicoSample 4 wave measurements with user impulse threshold of 30%.

Waveform measurements with statistics

Waveform parameters can be measured in both X and Y axes, including X period, frequency, negative or positive cross, and jitter. In the Y-axis, measurements such as max, min, DC RMS, and cycle mean are available. Measurements can be within a single trace or trace-to-trace such as phase, delay, and gain.

Selection of a measurement parameter displays its values, thresholds, and bounds on the main display.

Eye diagram measurements in PicoSample 4.

Measurement thresholds and bounds are displayed for the last selected measurement parameter.

Eye diagram measurements

The PicoScope 9400 Series scopes quickly measure more than 70 fundamental parameters used to characterise non-return-to-zero (NRZ) signals and return-to-zero (RZ) signals.

Eye diagram with histogram and jitter markers

Eye-diagram analysis can be made even more powerful with the addition of mask testing, as described below.

Eye diagram analysis can display data including bit rate, period, crossing time, frequency, eye width, eye amplitude, mean, area, and jitter RMS. Also shown on the graph are left and right RMS jitter markers. These measurements are selectable from within the Eye Diagram side menu and are listed on-screen below the graph.

The measurement points and levels used to generate each parameter can optionally be drawn on the trace.

Screenshot of mask testing in PicoSample 4

Mask testing

PicoSample 4 has a built-in library of over 130 masks for testing data eyes. It can count or capture mask hits or route them to an alarm or acquisition control. You can stress-test against a mask using a specified margin and locally compile or edit masks.

There’s a choice of greyscale and colour-graded display modes and a histogramming feature, all of which aid in analysing noise and jitter in eye diagrams. There is also a statistical display showing a failure count for both the original mask and the margin.

The extensive menu of built-in test waveforms is invaluable for checking your mask test setup before using it on live signals

Mask test features	Masks	Number of masks
Mask test features	Masks	9404-05 9402-05	9404-16 9402-16
Standard predefined mask Automask Mask saved on disk Create new mask Edit any mask	SONET/SDH	8
	Ethernet	7
	Fibre Channel	23	30
	PCI Express	29	41
	InfiniBand	12	15
	XAUI	4
	RapidIO	9
	Serial ATA	24
	ITU G.703	14
	ANSI T1.102	7

$Screenshot showing some of the math functions available in PicoSample 4.$

Powerful mathematical analysis

The PicoScope 9400 Series scopes support up to four simultaneous mathematical combinations or functional transformations of acquired waveforms.

You can select any of the mathematical functions to operate on either one or two sources. All functions can operate on live waveforms, waveform memories, or even other functions. There is also a comprehensive equation editor for creating custom functions of any combination of source waveforms.

Choose from 60 math functions, including:

add, subtract, multiply, divide, invert, absolute, exponent, logarithm, differentiate, integrate, inverse, FFT, interpolation, smoothing, trending, custom formula

PicoSample 4 timebase accuracy test with trend function.

All PicoScope 9400 Series oscilloscopes can calculate real, imaginary, and complex Fast Fourier and Inverse Fast Fourier Transforms of input signals using a range of windowing functions. The results can be further processed using the math functions. FFTs are useful for finding crosstalk and distortion problems, adjusting filter circuits, testing system impulse responses, and identifying and locating noise and interference sources.

Histogram analysis

Behind the powerful measurement and display capabilities of the 9400 Series lies a fast, efficient data histogram capability. A powerful visualisation and analysis tool in its own right, the histogram is a probability graph that shows the distribution of acquired data from a source within a user-definable window.

Histograms can be constructed on waveforms on either the vertical or horizontal axes. The most common use for a vertical histogram is measuring and characterising noise and pulse parameters. A horizontal histogram is typically used to measure and characterise jitter.

Envelope acquisition

Pulsed RF carriers lie at the heart of our modern communications infrastructures, yet the shape, aberrations and timings of the final carrier pulse (at an antenna, for example) can be challenging to measure. If we choose demodulation, we are subject to the limitations of the demodulator; its bandwidth and distortions.

Envelope acquisition mode allows waveform acquisition and display showing the peak values of repeated acquisitions over a period of time.

Shown here on a PicoScope 9404 SXRTO is a real time capture of pulsed amplitude 2.4 GHz carrier.

The yellow trace is an alias of the 2.4 GHz carrier displayed at a timebase of 100 μs/div. The blue trace, offset slightly for clarity, is a Max Envelope capture of the yellow trace.

The enveloped waveform shows the maximum excursions of the carrier envelope and its pulse parameters can then be measured (bottom left of the image).

This measurement is limited by the maximum real time sampling rate of the SXRTO (500 MS/s) and so has a Nyquist demodulation bandwidth of 250 MHz. Three other channels on the oscilloscope remain available to monitor, for example, modulating data and power supply voltages or currents feeding to the sourcing RF power amplifier.

Segmented acquisition mode

Segmented acquisition mode in the Acquire menu partitions the available trace memory length into multiple trace lengths (segments or buffers). Up to 1024 traces can then be captured and either layered or individually selected to display on screen. This is helpful for capturing and viewing rarely occurring events.

Having captured an anomalous event you can scroll through, or close gates around, an ever smaller block of overlaid traces, until the anomalous trace or traces are found. There is also a segment finder, which uses a binary search method to address larger numbers of trace segments.

Software Development Kit

The PicoSample 4 software can operate as a standalone oscilloscope program or under ActiveX remote control. The ActiveX control conforms to the Windows COM interface standard so that you can embed it in your own software. Unlike more complex driver-based programming methods, ActiveX commands are text strings that are easy to create in any programming environment. Programming examples are provided in Visual Basic (VB.NET), MATLAB, LabVIEW and Delphi, but you can use any programming language or standard that supports the COM interface, including JavaScript and C. National Instruments LabVIEW drivers are also available. All the functions of the PicoScope 9400 and the PicoSample 4 software are accessible remotely.

We supply a comprehensive programmer’s guide that details every function of the ActiveX control. The SDK can control the oscilloscope over the USB or (on four-channel models) the LAN port.

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